Data Visualization for Business Intelligence

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.patches as patches
import numpy as np

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(16, 10))

def bullet_chart(ax, label, actual, target, poor, good, unit='$', color='#1565C0'):
    """Bullet chart — compact KPI visualization with target and ranges."""
    ax.barh(0, poor,   height=0.8, color='#FFCDD2', zorder=1)   # Poor zone (red)
    ax.barh(0, good,   height=0.8, color='#FFF9C4', zorder=1)   # Ok zone (yellow)
    ax.barh(0, actual, height=0.5, color=color, zorder=2)        # Actual value
    ax.axvline(x=target, color='black', linewidth=3, zorder=3)    # Target marker
    ax.text(-0.02, 0, label, ha='right', va='center', fontsize=11, fontweight='bold', transform=ax.get_yaxis_transform())
    ax.text(actual + poor*0.02, 0, f'{unit}{actual:,.0f}', ha='left', va='center', fontsize=10, color=color, fontweight='bold')
    ax.set_xlim(0, good * 1.1)
    ax.axis('off')

kpis_data = [
    ('Revenue',     2450000, 2000000, 1500000, 2500000, '$'),
    ('Orders',      8421,    8000,    6000,    9000,    ''),
    ('Cust Sat',    4.2,     4.0,     3.5,     4.5,    ''),
    ('Churn Rate',  3.2,     5.0,     8.0,     5.0,    ''),
    ('Net Margin',  28.5,    25.0,    20.0,    30.0,   '%'),
]

axes = [fig.add_axes([0.15, 0.62 - i*0.12, 0.75, 0.09]) for i in range(len(kpis_data))]
colors = ['#1565C0', '#2E7D32', '#E65100', '#6A1B9A', '#B71C1C']

for ax, (label, actual, target, poor, good, unit), color in zip(axes, kpis_data, colors):
    bullet_chart(ax, label, actual, target, poor, good, unit, color)

fig.text(0.5, 0.97, 'Executive KPI Scorecard — Q4 2024', ha='center',
          fontsize=15, fontweight='bold')
fig.text(0.5, 0.93, '■ Actual   | Target', ha='center', fontsize=11, color='#666')
plt.savefig('kpi_scorecard.png', dpi=150, bbox_inches='tight')
plt.show()

import plotly.graph_objects as go

# Sales funnel
stages = ['Website Visitors', 'Product Views', 'Add to Cart', 'Checkout', 'Purchase']
values = [100000, 42000, 18000, 9500, 6200]
colors = ['#1565C0', '#1976D2', '#2196F3', '#42A5F5', '#4CAF50']

fig = go.Figure(go.Funnel(
    y=stages, x=values,
    textinfo='value+percent initial+percent previous',
    marker={'color': colors},
    connector={'line': {'color': '#EEEEEE', 'width': 2}}
))
fig.update_layout(title='E-Commerce Sales Funnel — Conversion Analysis',
                   template='plotly_white', height=450)
fig.show()

import plotly.graph_objects as go

# Profit & Loss waterfall
categories = ['Revenue', 'COGS', 'Gross Profit', 'Opex', 'EBITDA', 'D&A', 'EBIT', 'Tax', 'Net Profit']
values     = [5000000, -2200000, 0, -1300000, 0, -180000, 0, -384000, 0]
measure    = ['absolute', 'relative', 'total', 'relative', 'total', 'relative', 'total', 'relative', 'total']

fig = go.Figure(go.Waterfall(
    name='P&L Waterfall',
    orientation='v',
    measure=measure,
    x=categories,
    y=values,
    text=[f'${v:,.0f}' if v != 0 else '' for v in values],
    textposition='outside',
    connector={'line': {'color': '#CCCCCC'}},
    increasing={'marker': {'color': '#4CAF50'}},
    decreasing={'marker': {'color': '#F44336'}},
    totals={'marker': {'color': '#1565C0'}}
))
fig.update_layout(title='P&L Waterfall Chart — Annual Income Statement',
                   template='plotly_white', height=500,
                   yaxis={'tickprefix': '$', 'tickformat': ',.0f'})
fig.show()